Canada is reevaluating its commitment to the $13 billion purchase of 88 F-35 fighter jets from the US as tensions rising and Trump’s policies reshaping global alliances. Ottawa is now eyeing European alternatives. Can Canada really walk away from the deal, or is it too late?

In a significant shift, Canada is reevaluating its commitment to the $13 billion purchase of 88 F-35 fighter jets from U.S. defense contractor Lockheed Martin, just two years after finalizing the deal. This reconsideration arises amid escalating trade tensions and evolving geopolitical dynamics influenced by President Donald Trump's policies, prompting Ottawa to explore European alternatives for its air defense needs.​Reuters

Background of the F-35 Acquisition

Canada's involvement with the F-35 program dates back to its early partnership in the Joint Strike Fighter initiative. In January 2023, after extensive evaluations, Canada announced the procurement of 88 F-35A aircraft, with deliveries scheduled to begin in 2026 and full operational capability expected between 2032 and 2034. The agreement was valued at approximately $19 billion CAD (about $13.29 billion USD) and aimed to modernize the Royal Canadian Air Force's aging fleet. ​WikipediaReuters+1Wikipedia+1

Catalysts for Reassessment

Several factors have prompted Canada to reconsider this substantial defense investment:

1. Trade Disputes and Political Strains: The Trump administration's imposition of tariffs and aggressive trade policies have strained U.S.-Canada relations. Prime Minister Mark Carney has expressed concerns about Canada's heavy reliance on the U.S. for security, leading to a directive for a comprehensive review of the F-35 contract. ​Reuters+1ABC News+1

2. Sovereignty and Operational Autonomy: Reports suggest apprehensions among U.S. allies regarding potential American control over the F-35's operational capabilities. Denmark's defense committee chairman, Rasmus Jarlov, voiced regret over their F-35 acquisition, fearing U.S. influence could compromise national defense autonomy. ​Business Insider+1Eurasian Times+1

3. Geopolitical Realignments: President Trump's evolving foreign policy stance, including a perceived shift away from traditional NATO commitments and a controversial approach to Ukraine, has unsettled allies. This uncertainty has led countries like Canada and Portugal to explore alternatives to U.S.-made military equipment. ​ABC News+1AP News+1

Exploring European Alternatives

In light of these concerns, Canada is assessing European fighter jets as potential replacements:​

• Saab JAS 39 Gripen: Sweden's Saab has offered to produce the Gripen E in Canada, ensuring technology transfer and domestic job creation. The Gripen is noted for its suitability in Arctic conditions and interoperability with NATO systems. ​Wikipedia+1Wikipedia+1

• Dassault Rafale and Eurofighter Typhoon: Other NATO countries are considering these European-made fighters to reduce dependence on U.S. military hardware. These aircraft present viable alternatives with advanced capabilities. ​ABC News

Implications of Contractual Commitments

Canada has already invested in the initial batch of 16 F-35s, complicating a full withdrawal from the program. Defense Minister Bill Blair indicated that while these initial aircraft may be accepted, the government is actively exploring options for the remaining fleet. Transitioning to a different platform involves considerations of interoperability, pilot training, and logistical support, which could impact operational readiness and incur additional costs. ​Wikipedia+1Wikipedia+1

Economic and Industrial Considerations

The F-35 program has provided economic benefits to Canadian industries through contracts and job creation. However, continued participation may limit Canada's defense industrial base's diversification. European partnerships could offer opportunities for technology sharing and bolster domestic defense capabilities, aligning with Canada's strategic interests in achieving greater autonomy. ​Diario AS

Conclusion

Canada's reconsideration of the F-35 acquisition underscores the complex interplay between defense procurement and international relations. As Ottawa navigates these challenges, the decision will have lasting implications for national security, economic interests, and the enduring partnership with the United States. Balancing the benefits of existing commitments against the pursuit of greater sovereignty in defense capabilities remains a pivotal consideration for Canadian policymakers.