Turpan is located in the eastern part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It was called Gaochang in ancient times (from 328AD to 1275AD) and is an essential place on the Silk Road. Lying in the Turpan Basin, it is at the lowest elevation anywhere in China.
The regions around Turpan have a history of interaction and conflicts between many peoples. Recently discovered archeological evidence like the mummies found in the Xiaohe Tombs near the far western border of Xinjiang and in other places show that 3,000 and 4,000 years ago Caucasians lived in Xinjiang.
Turpan was the capital of the Cheshiqian Kingdom, one of the thirty-six kingdoms in Xi Yu (literally the Western Regions, referring to most parts of Xinjiang and part of Central Asia), and subjected to the Han Court.
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