Sunday, January 15, 2017

Qur'an don't forbid alcohol drinking, only condemn heavy drinking and misuse of it.. And [We grant you nourishment] from the fruit of date-palms and vines: from it you derive intoxicants as well as wholesome sustenance - in this, behold, there is a message indeed for people who use their reason (Qur'an 16:67)

  وَمِنْ ثَمَرَاتِ النَّخِيلِ وَالْأَعْنَابِ تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَرًا وَرِزْقًا حَسَنًا ۗ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ (قران ١٦:٦٧

This is in connection to my reply to a post appeared on face-book wall of Mahpara Safdar regarding to views of one of the Pakistani politician suggesting that those who drink alcohol in Pakistan must be hanged, which, in my opinion is an utter ignorance based extremists position just by exploiting sentiments of ignorant masses and to avoid socio-political and socio-economic accountability.
In my short reply I tried to explain that alcohol is not forbidden in early Islam but at very later stage. There are loads of evidence in early Islamic history and its related literature.  The fact that after, theory of abrogate and abrogated, argument for and against alcohol drinking was very contesting issue forcing scholars into new theological theories. Those were against were unable to provide any evidence from within the Qur’an and tried to look outside the field of revelation where Greek philosophy had played an important role in interpreting Qur’an, but, those in favour were relying wholly on Qur’an. The Hanfi-School which was the main school and official religion of the empire rejected the notion to forbid alcohol based on Qur’an. The reason that the alcoholic drink which was used in Mecca and Medina was made out of dates looks like bear. They call it nabidh but there is no mention in Qur’an anything about nabidh or to forbid it (haram). Qur'an use the term haram in Qur'an to forbid things which is law maxim of its legal classification adopted in early shri'a law, borrowed from Greek philosophy of stoicism originated by Zeno.
I would like to draw readers attention toward the Qur’anic verses on this subject with English translation at least by seven writers for each verse to prove that Qur’an condemn alcohol drinking when people misuse it, but, it praise it when people use it wisely and with wisdom.
The following two verses of Qur’an 2:219 and 5:90 using term khamr along with maysir (intoxication and games of chance) side by side in both verses. It is clear that when people were gambling and drinking, there are all chances of a fight especially in old days. There were no clubs or casinos of modern standard where safety and security have to be in place before people start drinking and playing. So, these verses do have specific context of its time and its message is also time and environment specific.  
We see no penalty at all for alcohol drinking as well as gambling in Qur’an. The penalty for alcohol drinking which jurists formulated in their academic work is 80 lashes on the claim that Syedna Umar ibn al Khattab had started it, but, again there is no penalty for gambling and al-Suyūṭī give very rich description in his work when Syedna Umar came under attack and subsequently died. He was taken from Mosque to his house, and, firstly he was given nabidh which went out of his wounds and then milk which too went out of his wounds. If Caliph Umar had forbidden nabidh haram (forbidden) then how it is possible that family and companion offer him nabidh at his death bed. More over there is very rich description of close companions of the Prophet that they never stopped drinking. Therefore even if alcohol was blanked ban and forbidden as modern theologians are trying to make us believe, then, it is not possible that Prophet's own close companion keep drinking. In fact Qur'an left it to individuals to make a judgement both for alcohol drinking and riba (interest). The evidence suggest that it was never declared forbidden till the time of Al-Mutawakkil the first when Islam had departed from its early rationalist approach to  a perceived traditionalism. 

يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ ۖ قُلْ فِيهِمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَإِثْمُهُمَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِمَا ۗ وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ الْعَفْوَ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ - قران ٢:٢١٩

Sahih International: They ask you about wine and gambling. Say, "In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit." And they ask you what they should spend. Say, "The excess [beyond needs]." Thus Allah makes clear to you the verses [of revelation] that you might give thought. (2:219)
Pickthall: They question thee about strong drink and games of chance. Say: In both is great sin, and (some) utility for men; but the sin of them is greater than their usefulness. And they ask thee what they ought to spend. Say: that which is superfluous. Thus Allah maketh plain to you (His) revelations, that haply ye may reflect. (2:219)
Yusuf Ali: They ask thee concerning wine and gambling. Say: "In them is great sin, and some profit, for men; but the sin is greater than the profit." They ask thee how much they are to spend; Say: "What is beyond your needs." Thus doth Allah Make clear to you His Signs: In order that ye may consider. (2:219)
Shakir: They ask you about intoxicants and games of chance. Say: In both of them there is a great sin and means of profit for men, and their sin is greater than their profit. And they ask you as to what they should spend. Say: What you can spare. Thus does Allah make clear to you the communications, that you may ponder. (2:219)
Muhammad Sarwar: (Muhammad), they ask you about wine and gambling. Tell them that there is great sin in them. Although they have benefits for men, the sin therein is far greater than the benefit. They ask you about what they should give for the cause of God. Tell them, "Let it be what you can spare." This is how God explains for you His guidance so that perhaps you will think. (2:219)
Mohsin Khan: They ask you (O Muhammad SAW) concerning alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In them is a great sin, and (some) benefit for men, but the sin of them is greater than their benefit." And they ask you what they ought to spend. Say: "That which is beyond your needs." Thus Allah makes clear to you His Laws in order that you may give thought." (2:219)
Arberry: They will question thee concerning wine, and arrow-shuffling. Say: 'In both is heinous sin; and uses for men, but the sin in them is more heinous than the usefulness.' They will question thee concerning what they should expend. Say: 'The abundance.' So God makes clear His signs to you; haply you will reflect. (2:219)

Note: Sahih International, Yusuf Ali, Muhammad Sarwar and Arberry translated khamr as "wine"; Pickthall translated as "strong drink"; Shakir translated as "intoxicants"; Mohsin Khan as "alcoholic drink". 

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (قران ٩٠:٥

Sahih International: O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone alters [to other than Allah], and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid it that you may be successful (5:90).
Pickthall: O ye who believe! Strong drink and games of chance and idols and divining arrows are only an infamy of Satan’s handiwork. Leave it aside in order that ye may succeed (5:90).
Yusuf Ali: O ye who believe! Intoxicants and gambling, (dedication of) stones, and (divination by) arrows, are an abomination,- of Satan’s handwork: eschew such (abomination), that ye may prosper (5:90).
Shakir: O you who believe! Intoxicants and games of chance and (sacrificing to) stones set up and (dividing by) arrows are only an uncleanness, the Shaitan’s work; shun it therefore that you may be successful (5:90).
Muhammad Sarwar: Believers, wine, gambling, the stone altars and arrows (that the pagans associate with certain divine characters) are all abominable acts associated with satanic activities. Avoid them so that you may have everlasting happiness (5:90).
Mohsin Khan: O you who believe! Intoxicants (all kinds of alcoholic drinks), gambling, Al­Ansab, and Al­Azlam (arrows for seeking luck or decision) are an abomination of Shaitan’s (Satan) handiwork. So avoid (strictly all) that (abomination) in order that you may be successful (5:90).
Arberry: O believers, wine and arrow-shuffling, idols and divining-arrows are an abomination, some of Satan’s work; so avoid it; haply So you will prosper (5:9)

Note: In this verse Sahih International, Yusuf Ali, translate khamr as intoxicants instead of wine and Mohsin Khan intoxicants instead of alcoholic drinks.

Now, I will present two verses on the same subject, Qur’an verses 4:43 and 16:67. The verse 4:43 which is again dealing with specific event of its time, instructing people don’t pray if you are under the influence of alcoholic drink. The term use here is sakara instead of khamr and this term used in relation to prayer which is again time and environment specific.

The verse 16:67 use the same term sakara instead of khamr and it praise the alcoholic drink for people of wisdom. This is the reason that the brilliant Muslim philosopher Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina (980-1037) almost an author of 450 works was of the view that alcohol is not forbidden for philosophers. He had never stopped drinking even he had lived during the time when conservative school of Hanbilism was dominating religion of the empire.


If you can read Arabic, see by yourself the term ‘khamr’ and ‘sakara’ in context where the message in verse 16:67 is free of its time and environmental conditions  because fruits and foods had , has been and is our source of survival which goes back to origin of human life. All research shows that human being had started eating fruit first to survive and this is based on scientific evidence. The alcohol came into being by accident long before even we human yet learn to grow crops or even learn to eat bread and rice because by storing fruits during hunting and gathering period, such as berries and graphs, crushing under its own weight to produce juice, where high level of sugar which by catching yeast from its skins or nearby trees making it foment. This is how alcohol came into being by accident.   Now read these two verses and make-up your own mind instead of listening to a mullah where he distort every aspect of Islam and spread ignorance:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَىٰ حَتَّىٰ تَعْلَمُوا مَا تَقُولُونَ وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ حَتَّىٰ تَغْتَسِلُوا ۚ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَىٰ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا - قران ٤:٤٣

Sahih International: O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying or in a state of janabah, except those passing through [a place of prayer], until you have washed [your whole body]. And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands [with it]. Indeed, Allah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving (4:43).
Pickthall: O ye who believe! Draw not near unto prayer when ye are drunken, till ye know that which ye utter, nor when ye are polluted, save when journeying upon the road, till ye have bathed. And if ye be ill, or on a journey, or one of you cometh from the closet, or ye have touched women, and ye find not water, then go to high clean soil and rub your faces and your hands (therewith). Lo! Allah is Benign, Forgiving (4:43).
Yusuf Ali: O ye who believe! Approach not prayers with a mind befogged, until ye can understand all that ye say,- nor in a state of ceremonial impurity (Except when travelling on the road), until after washing your whole body. If ye are ill, or on a journey, or one of you cometh from offices of nature, or ye have been in contact with women, and ye find no water, then take for yourselves clean sand or earth, and rub therewith your faces and hands. For Allah doth blot out sins and forgive again and again (4:43).
Shakir: O you who believe! do not go near prayer when you are Intoxicated until you know (well) what you say, nor when you are under an obligation to perform a bath-- unless (you are) travelling on the road-- until you have washed yourselves; and if you are sick, or on a journey, or one of you come from the privy or you have touched the women, and you cannot find water, betake yourselves to pure earth, then wipe your faces and your hands; surely Allah is Pardoning, Forgiving (4:43).
Muhammad Sarwar: Believers, do not pray when you are drunk, but, instead, wait until you can understand what you say. Also, do not pray when you have experienced a seminal discharge until after you have taken a bath, unless you are on a journey. If, while sick or on a journey, you can find no water after having defecated or after having had carnal relations, perform tayammum by touching your palms on the pure earth and wipe the (upper part of) your face and the backs of your hands. God is Gracious and All-forgiving (4:43).
Mohsin Khan: O you who believe! Approach not As­Salat (the prayer) when you are in a drunken state until you know (the meaning) of what you utter, nor when you are in a state of Janaba, (i.e. in a state of sexual impurity and have not yet taken a bath) except when travelling on the road (without enough water, or just passing through a mosque), till you wash your whole body. And if you are ill, or on a journey, or one of you comes after answering the call of nature, or you have been in contact with women (by sexual relations) and you find no water, perform Tayammum with clean earth and rub therewith your faces and hands (Tayammum). Truly, Allah is Ever Oft­Pardoning, Oft­Forgiving (4:43).
Arberry: O believers, draw not near to prayer when you are drunken until you know what you are saying, or defiled -- unless you are traversing a way -- until you have washed yourselves; but if you are sick, or on a journey, or if any of you comes from the privy, or you have touched women, and you can find no water, then have recourse to wholesome dust and wipe your faces and your hands; God is All-pardoning, All-forgiving (4:43).

Note: Sahih International and Shakir, translated the term "sakara" as "intoxicated"; Pickthall, Mohsin Khan and Arberry as "drunken"; Yusuf Ali as "mind befogged", Muhammad Sarwar as "drunk" 

Read this verse and see if Qur’an declaring alcohol as forbidden item or praise it. One wonder from where molvees are using it as a tool to promote ignorance and to deprive people of an alternative venue for socialization to mosques. Certainly it would deprive them of an income if their attendees start falling. Alcohol had provided alternative venue for socialization to church in Europe that is why in 18th century Christian theologians had started re-interpreting the notion of wine drinking at the time of Christ by suggesting that Christ didn’t drank alcohol but juice, a departure from centuries old belief. People use to sit in pubs and drink a pint of bear instead of going to church. 



وَمِنْ ثَمَرَاتِ النَّخِيلِ وَالْأَعْنَابِ تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَرًا وَرِزْقًا حَسَنًا ۗ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ.قران ١٦:٦٧




Sahih International: And from the fruits of the palm trees and grapevines you take intoxicant and good provision. Indeed in that is a sign for a people who reason (16:67).
Pickthall: And of the fruits of the date-palm, and grapes, whence ye derive strong drink and (also) good nourishment. Lo! therein is indeed a portent for people who have sense (16:67).
Yusuf Ali: And from the fruit of the date-palm and the vine, ye get out wholesome drink and food: behold, in this also is a sign for those who are wise (16:67).
Shakir: And of the fruits of the palms and the grapes-- you obtain from them intoxication and goodly provision; most surely there is a sign in this for a people who ponder (16:67).
Muhammad Sarwar: The fruit of palm trees and vines which provide you with sugar and delicious food also provide a lesson and evidence (of the Truth) for the people of understanding (16:67).
Mohsin Khan: And from the fruits of date-palms and grapes, you derive strong drink (this was before the order of the prohibition of the alcoholic drinks) and a goodly provision. Verily, therein is indeed a sign for people who have wisdom (16:67).
Arberry: And of the fruits of the palms and the vines, you take therefrom an intoxicant and a provision fair. Surely in that is a sign for a people who understand (16:67).

Note: Mohsin Khan add note that this was before the order of the prohibition of the alcoholic drinks but failed to provided or to refer in which verse the statement to forbid the alcohol drinking is clearly mentioned. Imam Malik and Shafi were in favour to declare it forbidden but Imam Abu Hanifa was against it. The agreed theory among all school was that for a wide spread practice of any thing there should be clear statement in Qur'an. Imam Abu Hanifa was of the view that alcohol drinking is wide spread both in Mecca and Medina but there is no clear statement in Qur'an. More over most companion were keep drinking nbidh (Mecca/Medina) and tula (Iraq). Those in support to declare it forbidden had used Qur'an verse 2:219 and 5:91, but in both verses there is no mentioned of forbidden. These verses came before even Qur'an verse 4:43. Moreover both used khamr and meyseer side by side and asked would you not abstain, desist or better to avoid it. So, where is illegal or haram. I had mentioned verse 2:219 above, see verse 5:91. 
إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ يُوقِعَ بَيْنَكُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَاءَ فِي الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَعَنِ الصَّلَاةِ ۖ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُنْتَهُونَ(٥:٩١
(Satan seeketh only to cast among you enmity and hatred by means of strong drink and games of chance, and to turn you from remembrance of Allah and from (His) worship. Will ye then have done? translated by Pikhtall) . As I said in my post in Mahpara's facebook wall that the later day generation had used Greek law of  Syllogism by translating word ism as sin to declared it forbidden which is used in  verse 2:219 in opposition to munafa (profit). In opposition to munafa is lose not sin. 

Now read bellow the verse which clearly tell us what is forbidden and what is not as per Qur’an.  The Qur’an in verse 5:3 clearly making a statement for the items which are forbidden (haram) with clearly language. See yourself if alcohol is included in the list  or in any other list which clearly include it in forbidden items, if not then from where they make it forbidden. This is call extra Qur’an. The Qur’an verse 5:3 is as follows:



حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلَامِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ ۗ الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ ۚ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا ۚ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ ۙ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ - قران ٥:٣

Sahih International: Prohibited to you are dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah , and [those animals] killed by strangling or by a violent blow or by a head-long fall or by the goring of horns, and those from which a wild animal has eaten, except what you [are able to] slaughter [before its death], and those which are sacrificed on stone altars, and [prohibited is] that you seek decision through divining arrows. That is grave disobedience. This day those who disbelieve have despaired of [defeating] your religion; so fear them not, but fear Me. This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion. But whoever is forced by severe hunger with no inclination to sin - then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful (5:3).
Pickthall: Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful (5:3).
Yusuf Ali: Forbidden to you (for food) are: dead meat, blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which hath been invoked the name of other than Allah; that which hath been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by being gored to death; that which hath been (partly) eaten by a wild animal; unless ye are able to slaughter it (in due form); that which is sacrificed on stone (altars); (forbidden) also is the division (of meat) by raffling with arrows: that is impiety. This day have those who reject faith given up all hope of your religion: yet fear them not but fear Me. This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion. But if any is forced by hunger, with no inclination to transgression, Allah is indeed Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful (5:3).
Shakir: Forbidden to you is that which dies of itself, and blood, and flesh of swine, and that on which any other name than that of Allah has been invoked, and the strangled (animal) and that beaten to death, and that killed by a fall and that killed by being smitten with the horn, and that which wild beasts have eaten, except what you slaughter, and what is sacrificed on stones set up (for idols) and that you divide by the arrows; that is a transgression. This day have those who disbelieve despaired of your religion, so fear them not, and fear Me. This day have I perfected for you your religion and completed My favor on you and chosen for you Islam as a religion; but whoever is compelled by hunger, not inclining willfully to sin, then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful (5:3).
Muhammad Sarwar: It is unlawful for you to consume the following as food: an animal that has not been properly slaughtered, blood, pork, an animal slaughtered and consecrated in the name of someone other than God, an animal killed by strangulation or a violent blow, an animal killed by falling down, an animal which has been gored to death, an animal partly eaten by a wild beast before being properly slaughtered, an animal which has been sacrificed on the stone blocks (which pagans worshipped), and any flesh divided by casting superstitious and gambling arrows (a pagan tradition), which is a sin. Today, the unbelievers have lost hope about your religion. Do not be afraid of them but have fear of Me. On this day I have perfected your religion, completed My favors to you, and have chosen Islam as your religion. If anyone not (normally) inclined to sin is forced by hunger to eat unlawful substances instead of proper food, he may do so to spare his life. God is All-forgiving and All-merciful (5:3).
Mohsin Khan: Forbidden to you (for food) are: Al-Maytatah (the dead animals - cattle-beast not slaughtered), blood, the flesh of swine, and the meat of that which has been slaughtered as a sacrifice for others than Allah, or has been slaughtered for idols, etc., or on which Allah's Name has not been mentioned while slaughtering, and that which has been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by the goring of horns - and that which has been (partly) eaten by a wild animal - unless you are able to slaughter it (before its death) ­ and that which is sacrificed (slaughtered) on An­Nusub (stone altars). (Forbidden) also is to use arrows seeking luck or decision, (all) that is Fisqun (disobedience of Allah and sin). This day, those who disbelieved have given up all hope of your religion, so fear them not, but fear Me. This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion. But as for him who is forced by severe hunger, with no inclination to sin (such can eat these above-mentioned meats), then surely, Allah is Oft­Forgiving, Most Merciful (5:3).

Arberry: Forbidden to you are carrion, blood, the flesh of swine, what has been hallowed to other than God, the beast strangled; the beast beaten down, the beast fallen to death, the beast gored, and that devoured by beasts of prey - excepting that you have sacrificed duly -- as also things sacrificed to idols, and partition by the divining arrows; that is ungodliness. Today the unbelievers have despaired of your religion; therefore fear them not, but fear you Me. Today I have perfected your religion for you, and I have completed My blessing upon you, and I have approved Islam for your religion. But whosoever is constrained in emptiness and not inclining purposely to sin -- God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate (5:3). 

Note: harmut alia kum which translated by Sahih International as prohibited to you; Pickthall, Yusuf Ali, Shakir, Mohsin Khan and Arberry translated forbidden; Muhamad Sarwar use the term "unlawful to you".  One can see no philological confusion. It is in clear term and again it relate to diet. Drink is part of the diet and where Qur'an condemn it, it came in association with games of chance, idols income etc. That is why term khamr fall under different context. 

There is no mention in Qur'an that alcohol is forbidden (haram). The things are forbidden (haram) are clearly mentioned. Anything which is not mentioned in Qur'an, yet, to make it forbidden based on fabricated stories in the name of Prophet or to his close companions, is, in my view, fundamental departure from Qur'an and its essence. This is basic right of a person to decide what to eat, what to drink, what to wear, whom to worship or not and whom to marry etc. The state and society cannot interfere in people's basic and personal rights. They have to regulate and protect that people can enjoy their life. Is it possible that state can force me to eat pork?   Firstly distorting scripture and secondly violating people's basic rights is a crime. The job of every state is to protect basic rights of its citizen rather to violate it. 


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